Growth of the Laurentide and Innuitian ice sheets during MIS 5 recorded in distal marine sediment

Three long cores from Flemish Cap and Orphan Knoll, offshore southeastern Canada, contain discrete units of detrital carbonates that are coeval with Hudson Strait Heinrich (HS–H) events 1 to 6 (16–60 ka BP), but they also contain similar sediments that date from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5. These distal detrital carbonate layers require the presence of substantial ice sheets over Eastern Canada. To validate these important paleoclimatic and glaciological implications, we derive the provenance of sediments deposited during MIS 5 using both gravel provenance and a four-source sediment unmixing model consisting of 13 non-clay and clay mineral weight %s of the