Effect of nozzle inclination angle on characteristics of a gas jet in a gas-solid fluidized bed

Changing the incident angle of the nozzle could make the characteristics of the jet such as jet expansion angle (θ), jet width (b), and jet penetration depth (L) change drastically. Experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of nozzle inclination on the jet characteristics in a two-dimensional (2D) fluidized bed of three different particles. The summation method and statistical method are used to extract the θ, bmax, and L from the video data. There is a trend that the penetration of the jet increases with α from −60° to 60°. As the particle diameter and the particle density increase, L and bmax decrease. Considering the variation of force on supported particles at the jet boundary when α ≠ 0°, a penetration model for the inclined jets is proposed. The error between the model prediction value and the experimental value of the L is in the range of −15% ~ 20%. [Display omitted] •A novel method was proposed with image processing applied in the granular system.•The hydrodynamics of inclined jets were extracted by the novel method.•The penetration model of inclined jets was proposed and proved to be reliable.