The production route of the MASnBr3 based perovskite solar cells with fully ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method

Lead-free FTO/TiO2/MASnBr3/P3HT/Ag perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated by a fully ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) method. The MASnBr3 thin films had very large grains (clusters) up to 15 μm. The crystal/crystallite size of the films was determined from the XRD pattern as 112.7 nm. The coating of MASnBr3 and P3HT layers was carried out on a large area of 36 cm2. The champion cell with an active area of 0.30 cm2 has an open circuit voltage of 0.370 V, a short circuit of 0.460 mA/cm2, a fill factor of 57.2%, and a power conversion efficiency of 0.097%. The production of all layers with the USP method is important to the commercialization of the lead-free PSCs.