Drainage increases species richness and density of soil macro-invertebrates in the Zoige peatland of eastern Tibetan Plateau

•Drainage alters community composition of macro-invertebrates.•Drainage increases species richness and density of soil macro-invertebrates.•Drainage drives soil macro-invertebrates to deeper soil layers. Soil macro-invertebrates play an important role in the decomposition process of soil organic matter. As the world’s largest alpine peatland, the Zoige peatland on the eastern Tibetan Plateau is experiencing the decline in water table level primarily because of historic drainage. However, little is known about the responses of soil macro-invertebrate communities to water table decline. To address this issue, we established a field drainage experimental platform in 2013, which consists of low (50 cm deep drainage ditch) and intermediate (20 cm deep drainage ditch) water table level treatments, and the ambient (no drainage ditch) plots. In July (warm season) and November (cold season) of 2019, we examined the species composition, richness, densities and the vertical distribution of soil macro-invertebrates. Results showed that the species composition differed significantly among treatments. Species richness and densities of overall and different trophic groups (i.e., detritivores, herbivores and predators) of soil macro-invertebrates were significantly higher in the drained treatments compared to the ambient plots. Moreover, soil macro-invertebrates moved down to deeper soil layers in the low water table treatments compared to the ambient plots. In addition, sampling season (warm vs. cold) did not affect the responses of soil macro-invertebrates to water table decline. These results indicate that soil macro-invertebrate community is sensitive to water table decline in the Zoige peatland. Given the recognized importance of soil fauna to ecosystem functioning, more attention should be paid to the conservation of peatlands.