Comprehensive investigation of (Ge0.03In0.97)(Se0.95S0.05) crystals for multi-functional sensing and photo-catalytic applications

Quaternary (Ge0.03In0.97)(Se0.95S0.05) crystals, pivotal for advanced sensing applications, were successfully grown utilizing the direct vapour transport (DVT) technique. An integrated approach, encompassing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), explored the morphological and chemical composition of the as-grown crystals. The resulting hexagonal structure was confirmed via X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the Williamson–Hall model revealed a crystallite size and lattice strain. Impressively, the crystals exhibited a direct band gap of 1.03 eV. Comprehensive kinetic insights were gleaned from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) curves, enhancing our understanding of the material’s thermal behaviour. Electrical resistance studies, conducted as a function of temperature and vacuum pressure, underscored the intricate interplay between these parameters and the crystal’s conductivity. Remarkable photo-response properties were meticulously evaluated under varying illumination intensities, showcasing crystals potential in photo-sensing applications. The crystal’s exceptional capabilities extended to the realm of human respiration monitoring, where it facilitated the measurement of electrical currents across diverse breathing conditions. Photo-catalytic process was harnessed for environmental remediation, particularly for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. Collectively, these findings position the (Ge0.03In0.97)(Se0.95S0.05) crystals as a compelling contender for versatile multi-sensing devices. •Sucessful Growth of (Ge0.03In0.97)(Se0.95S0.05) using direct vapour transport (DVT) technique.•The grown crystals were characterized through extensive characterization.•Study involves the photo-catalytic properties of the (Ge0.03In0.97)(Se0.95S0.05) crystals under visible light irradiation.•Investigation on Thermal stability of grown crystals by the TGA and DSC curves.•(Ge0.03In0.97)(Se0.95S0.05) crystals unique combination of properties, including high sensitivity and visible-light responsivity.