Microwave modulation enhancement based on gold nanoparticles in graphene antenna

The modulation of microwave radiation enhanced by gold nanoparticles in graphene antenna is proposed in this paper. In the graphene antenna, the microwave is modulated directly by optical wave based on wideband interaction in the graphene. With the localized optical field absorption enhanced in graphene layer excited by gold nanoparticles, the microwave radiation is enhanced. As gold nanoparticles with the diameter of 200 nm is introduced in the device, the optical absorption is enlarged and the measured modulation of microwave radiation is enhanced about 7.5 times when the optical wave with the wavelength of 532 nm is utilized as the modulating light. •The optical doping of graphene changes the microwave radiation, light signal transfer to microwave signal directly.•Graphene is placed at the radiation region of antenna, strong interaction between microwaves.•Gold nanoparticles enhance the optical doping of graphene by localized resonance, higher modulation depth.•Microwave modulation by optical wave is nonlinear when gold nanoparticle introduced.