Fourier ptychographic rapid superresolution imaging via line-scanning microscopy with virtual structural- modulated

•We proposed a new method that combines virtual structural-modulated (VSM), line-scanning microscopy (LSM) and the Fourier ptychography (FP) algorithm to rapid super-resolution imaging.•The FP algorithm is fully compatible with vLSM, it may provide a turnkey solution for imaging biological samples with 2 times lateral resolution of wide-field and improved SNR and imaging speed.•We use the spatial frequency and phase modulation method in the cosine function, which avoids the problems of information loss and low SNR caused by the original FP recovery algorithm. In this paper, we proposed a new method that combines virtual structural-modulated (VSM), line-scanning microscopy (LSM) and the Fourier ptychography (FP) algorithm to rapid super-resolution imaging. VSM provides an easy, low-cost and phase-artifact-free strategy to achieve super-resolution imaging. However, the practical application of this method is challenging due to a limited image acquisition speed and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We report here the combination of VSM, LSM, and FP algorithm to improve the image acquisition speed, resolution and SNR. The recovery process starts with a low-resolution intensity image as the initial guess. This initial guess is then sequentially updated by other low-resolution measurements taken under virtual modulation patterns with different spatial frequencies and phases. This sequential updating process is iterated until the sample estimate converges. The images with high resolution and SNR are reconstructed by iterating in the Fourier domain and the space domain. Both an optical resolution target, fluorescent beads, and BPAE cells were used to verify resolution enhancement. As the FP algorithm is fully compatible with vLSM, it may provide a turnkey solution for imaging biological samples with 2 times lateral resolution of wide-field and improved SNR and imaging speed.