A waveguide-integrated graphene-based subwavelength electro-optic switch at 1550 nm

A subwavelength electro-optic switch at 1550 nm is proposed in this paper, which is realized by embedding bilayer graphene into a hybrid waveguide. The good performance of hybrid waveguide and SPPs effect results in enhanced optical absorption of graphene. The switch has small device size, and excellent switching performance is achieved for voltage modulations as low as 1 V over a length of only 400 nm. Besides, the switch exhibits outstanding performance including wide driving voltage optional range, flexible structural dimensions (different device lengths from 400 nm to 13.8 μm can be selected depending on different applications), wide 3 dB bandwidth of 2.24 THz, low energy consumption of 0.02 fJ/bit and good robustness. Hence, our proposal improves performance substantially than previous designs and has great application potential in optoelectronic integrated circuit.