Beam-loss driven injection optimization for HIAF-BRing in the presence of space charge

BRing is the booster ring of the HIAF project in which the beam intensity is designed up to 1.0 × 1011 ppp (238U34+). In order to reach the required intensities, an efficient injection scheme is crucial and the beam loss during injection must not exceed the limits defined by machine protection and dynamic vacuum requirements. An injection scheme called two-plane painting multiturn injection is consequently proposed, which exploits both the horizontal and vertical acceptance of the BRing by a tilted electrostatic septum. The influence of the space charge on the injection process is important for the two-plane multiturn injection scheme which should provide the required intensity with a minimal beam loss. The impact of the space charge on the efficiency of the injection process is investigated using a modified ORBIT code. In order to achieve lower beam loss, the particle swarm algorithm is proposed for a detailed injection optimization with space charge effect. Detailed studies on the two-plane painting multiturn injection scheme and the dependence on the lattice tune, the injected beam current, and the injected beam emittance are also presented. The results provide an important guideline for the design optimization of the injection system for the HIAF-BRing.