Advancements in zinc oxide nanomaterials: Synthesis, properties, and diverse applications

Zinc oxide-based nanomaterials (ZONMs) are of significant scientific and industrial interest due to their unique properties, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. This review comprehensively summarizes the potential applications of ZONMs across numerous fields, including dye-sensitized solar cells, the concrete and rubber industries, optoelectronics, gas sensing, the cosmetic industry, the textile industry, antibacterial activity, drug delivery, anticancer activity, antidiabetic activity, immunotherapy, anti-inflammatory activity, agriculture, and photodegradation. The review begins with an overview of ZONMs, highlighting their physical and structural properties. Subsequently, it discusses the applications of ZONMs in the aforementioned fields, emphasizing their outstanding performance and potential for commercialization. Additionally, the review explores the literature where ZONMs have been synthesized using various methods. It provides insights into the fabrication processes employed for ZONMs and discusses the advancements in synthesis techniques. Through an exploration of relevant studies, the review sheds light on the innovative approaches and methodologies utilized for the production of ZONMs across various research endeavours. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the progressive advances and diversified applications of ZONMs, shedding light on their promising role in addressing various challenges in technology, healthcare, and environmental preservation. [Display omitted] •Explores recent advances in zinc oxide-based nanomaterials, revealing their multifaceted applications across various industries and fields.•ZnO NPs face challenges like toxicity, aggregation, and photodegradation, limiting their use.•ZnO NPs are used in wound healing, antibacterial treatments, and drug delivery, enhancing efficacy and safety.•ZnO NPs enhance crop growth, yield, and stress resistance, showing promise as nanofertilizers and protectors in agriculture.•Surface functionalization, coating with stabilizing agents, and metal ion doping improve biocompatibility and photostability.