Electrodeposition synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS) thin films as a promising material for photovoltaic cells: Fundamentals, methods, and future prospects - A comprehensive review

Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS) kesterite stands out for its high absorption coefficient and direct optical bandgap, making it a promising absorber material for thin-film photovoltaic cells, combining high efficiency and low cost. CZTSSe-based solar cells currently achieve conversion efficiencies of 15.1%. With more than 3700 publications since 1988, mainly focusing on fabricating CZTS thin films by various techniques, this study looks more specifically at the synthesis of CZTS by electrodeposition. This method recently achieved an efficiency of 8.7%. This approach stands out for its ability to deposit composite metal alloys on large surfaces with controlled thickness. The study explores the impact of synthesis parameters on the physical, chemical, and morphological properties of CZTS films and their influence on solar cell efficiency. Finally, current challenges and prospects are discussed, opening perspectives for advances in synthesizing and applying CZTS thin films for photovoltaic technologies. [Display omitted] •A detailed review of CZTS solar cells, focusing on synthesis and electrodeposition manufacturing.•Discussion of the advantages of electrodeposition for controlling the composition of thin films.•Comparison of CZTS with and without sulfurization step.•Analysis of the challenges associated with faults and secondary phases in the CZTS.•Exploring strategies to improve the efficiency of CZTS cells.