2D MXenes as electrode materials for metal-sulfur batteries: A review

Metal-sulfur batteries (MSBs) have garnered significant interest as upcoming energy storage options on account of their higher theoretical energy density. Nevertheless, these entities encounter numerous challenges, such as the insolubility of sulfur and metal polysulfides, the adverse shuttle effect resulting from the dissolution and migration of polysulfides, and their creation of metal dendrites. Extensive attention has been devoted in improving sulfur utilization and cycle stability. MXenes, a noteworthy group of two-dimensional transition metal carbides/carbonitrides, possess significant possibilities for MSBs. This potential of MXene arises from its favorable specific surface area, outstanding electrical conductivity, and strong chemical stability in battery applications. This review comprehensively analyses various synthesis methods, including their associated experimental parameters for tuning, physiochemical characteristics, structural modifications, stability issues, and significant discoveries pertaining to new MXenes. In addition, we have critically summarized the recent progress, future perspectives, notable challenges, and potential prospects for the successful development of MXenes-based electrodes for MSBs. This review will make a valuable contribution to the development of MSB technologies and their integration into the broader context of energy storage. [Display omitted] •Complex reaction pathways involved in metal-sulfur batteries (MSBs.•Diverse synthesis methodologies to fabricate efficient cathode, separator, and anode materials, crucial for enhancing MSBs performance and durability.•Electrochemical properties of 2D MXenes (as cathode, separator, and anode materials).•DFT simulations to gain insights into the structural and electronic properties of MXenes.•Cutting-edge AI and ML techniques to optimize the design and performance of 2D MXene-based materials.