Transfer of silver-mesh electrodes to polyvinyl butyral films using interface control via intense-pulsed-light irradiation

Transparent heated glass was fabricated by bonding two sheets of glass using a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) polymer film with silver (Ag)-mesh electrodes. The Ag-mesh electrode was formed by filling a engraved mesh pattern with Ag nanoparticle ink and then sintering it with intense-pulsed-light (IPL) irradiation. The sintered Ag-mesh electrode was transferred uniformly to the PVB film surface. To enable this transfer process, the Ag content of the ink and IPL sintering conditions were optimized. The rapid temperature rise at the Ag pattern interface due to IPL irradiation causes explosive solvent evaporation, which ultimately induces interface delamination due to effects similar to the Leidenfrost phenomenon, enabling uniform pattern transfer. A transparent heater of 100×100 mm2 size was fabricated by IPL sintering a Ag-mesh electrode printed with ink with a Ag content of 80 wt% for 1 ms at a light-energy density of 4 J/cm2. This heated glass had a transparency of 86 % and was capable of uniform heating of 80 °C at an applied voltage of 4 V. [Display omitted]