Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Spinacia oleracea leaf extract and evaluation of biological applications: Antioxidant, antibacterial, larvicidal and biosafety assay

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) recently engrossed the attention of investigators due to their incredible features and numerous applications in the pharmacological industry. This research work focuses on the manufacture of copper oxide nanoparticles in an aqueous media utilizing Spinacia oleracea leaf extract. Various analytical methods like UV/Vis Spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction studies, SEM analysis were utilized to identify structure of the CuO nanoparticles produced. The formation of CuO was confirmed by the band appeared at 621 cm−1 and monoclinic CuO nanoparticles were identified by the diffraction patterns, which were detected at 2θ = 32.47°, 35.49°, 38.68°, 48.65°, 53.36°, 58.25°, and 61.45°. SEM analysis confirms the average particles was around 134.8 nm size range. The CuO nanoparticles exhibited significant bactericidal action towards Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, proteus, klebsiella and potential antifungal activity towards A.flavus, Rhizopus and A.fumigant. Furthermore,the synthesized CuO nanoparticles have significant larvicidal activity towards Culex. Quinquefasciatus. This research shows that CuO can be synthesized in a simple, environmentally friendly way and has a wide range of uses. [Display omitted]