Evaluation of antidiabetic potential of Co3O4 and TiO2 nanoparticles on alloxan-induced diabetic mice

•The results of this investigation demonstrated the therapeutic potential of manufactured NPs against diabetes.•TiO2 and Co3O4 NPs both showed strong anti-diabetic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.•Herein, NPs significantly increased the expression of genes that were downregulated in diabetes cases.•Glucophages cause a significant increase in the mRNA expression of IR, GK, and AKT, which increase glucose uptake in cells. The worldwide well-being distress recognized as diabetes mellitus is categorized by the unregulated breakdown of glucose and its linked effects. In this work, the possibility of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) created by hydrothermal methods for the prevention of diabetes in mice using alloxan injections is examined. The NPs were characterized via XRD, SEM, EDX, and UV-vis spectrophotometry. For assessing the effect of treatment genes of the liver such as Glucokinase (GK), Protein kinase B (AKT), and immune-response (IR) were expressed via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In addition, histological inspection was carried out for the liver and spleen. Next, the anti-diabetic effect of the as-synthesized nanoparticles was examined. The trial, which assessed TiO2 and Co3O4 NPs' potential to prevent diabetes in mice given alloxan, was skillfully carried out. Together with Glucophage, TiO2 and Co3O4 NPs were shown to have higher levels of IR, GK, and AKT mRNA expression. As a consequence, the cells absorb glucose more readily. Since TiO2 and Co3O4 nanoparticles may have hypoglycemic effects, further study is necessary to fully appreciate their potential as a practical and affordable diabetic therapy option. Toxicology, biologic compatibility, and the dependability of artificial nano-formulations are examples of possible study subjects.