A review on recent progress in synthesis and biological activities of thiadiazole and its derivatives

•Synthesis of thiadiazole and its derivatives.•Synthesis of Thiadiazole by traditional and modern synthetic methods.•Biological applications of thiadiazole derivatives: Antibacterial, Anticancer, Antiviral Antifungal, Anti-inflammatory activity. Thiadiazole derivatives, a class of compounds with significant biological applications, are extensively explored in medicinal chemistry. The synthesis section covers various methods for the preparation of thiadiazole derivatives, including both traditional and modern synthetic methods. Emphasis is placed on the versatility of these methods, allowing for the preparation of different derivatives with tunable properties. The derivatives display broad biological activities, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, and anticancer properties. Structural modifications impact pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics activity, highlighting therapeutic potential. Thiadiazole derivatives are also utilized as diagnostic tools and imaging agents. The synthesis involves approaches like from hydrazides, thiosemicarbazide, acylhydrazines, thioacylhydrazone, dithiocarbazates, and Isothiocyanate. The review includes insights into mechanisms of action and molecular targets, serving as a valuable resource for researchers in medicinal chemistry, drug discovery, and biochemistry, fostering further advancements in thiadiazole derivative synthesis and applications.