Performance improving of concentrated solar power systems with nanofluids: A review based on molecular dynamics

•Improving of concentrated solar power systems with nanofluids is reviewed.•The selected studies are sorted based on molecular dynamics.•Molecular dynamics would be an invaluable tool in finding interactions at nanoscale.•Nanoparticles in molten salt-based nanofluids presents reasonable thermal properties. Nanofluids are recognized for their ability to enhance the efficiency of heat transfer fluids, making them a promising option for improving the performance of concentrated solar power (CSP) systems. Understanding the thermo-fluidic behavior of nanofluids requires a proper knowledge of their molecular-scale interactions, which can be effectively studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. This review analyzes recent studies on the applications of MD simulations in enhancing nanofluids for CSP systems. Findings indicate that MD simulations are invaluable for understanding complex nanoscale interactions, providing insights into thermophysical property enhancements and potential for higher operational temperatures. The size, shape, and volume fraction of nanoparticles significantly influence the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids. Smaller nanoparticles tend to increase thermal conductivity due to their larger surface area-to-volume ratio, which enhances heat transfer. However, excessively small nanoparticles can lead to higher viscosity, potentially hindering fluid flow. The shape of nanoparticles also plays a crucial role; spherical nanoparticles generally provide better thermal conductivity, while elongated or rod-shaped nanoparticles can create more resistance, affecting viscosity. Additionally, the volume fraction of nanoparticles is critical; higher volume fractions typically improve thermal conductivity but also increase viscosity, necessitating a balance to optimize performance. Particularly, oil-based nanofluids with nanoparticles show promise in improving heat transfer efficiency and thermal energy storage. Additionally, integrating nanoparticles into molten salt-based nanofluids (MSBNFs) enhances thermal properties crucial for CSP applications. The formation of a dense ion layer around nanoparticles contributes to these improvements, essential for achieving higher operational temperatures and efficient energy storage. However, the impact of nanoparticle size and atomic collisions on heat capacity is complex, necessitating careful selection and optimization of nanoparticles to maximize MSBNFs’ performance in CSP applications.