A systematic review on promising development of cost-effective, biodegradable, and environment friendly vegetable based nanofluids as a future resource for green transformer insulation oil
•This comprehensive review paper explores the evolution of dielectric fluids for transformers, emphasizing environmentally friendly alternatives and advancements in nanofluids. The adoption of ester-based dielectric liquids, both synthetic and natural, is examined, highlighting their fire safety, bi...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of molecular liquids 2024-06, Vol.403, p.124836, Article 124836 |
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Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | •This comprehensive review paper explores the evolution of dielectric fluids for transformers, emphasizing environmentally friendly alternatives and advancements in nanofluids. The adoption of ester-based dielectric liquids, both synthetic and natural, is examined, highlighting their fire safety, biodegradability, and environmental sustainability.•Studying how nanofluids age is crucial to understand how well they perform in real and extended operating situations for transformers. Yet, because of stability concerns, the ageing process used for regular insulating oils can't be applied to nanofluids.•Enhancing the heat and electricity features of the liquid can bring about significant transformations in the design of transformers. Additionally, the mismatch between nanofluids and the current transformer materials necessitates the exploration of new materials for the secure and effective functioning of transformers. Investigating the necessary design adjustments for transformers filled with nanofluids represents another area that requires thorough examination.•In contrast to using just one kind of tiny particle and a basic fluid, nanofluids that involve multiple particles and a blend of base fluids employ various types of nanoparticles mixed in different proportions with the base oil. Each type of particle has the potential to boost various properties, both in the nanoparticles themselves and in the base oil.
The contribution of this article is to update the reader on the latest developments of transformer insulating oils in ensuring the reliability of power systems. Commencing with the prevalent use of mineral oil (MO), our exploration extends to alternative solutions, including esters. The scrutiny of esters involves a particular emphasis on natural variants highlighting their potential as eco-friendly substitutes for conventional insulating oils. A significant aspect of this work entails the incorporation of different nanoparticles (NPs) into vegetable insulating oils, forming nanofluids, which emerge as a promising avenue for enhancing insulating properties. The paper systematically categorizes nanoparticles based on conductivity and thoroughly examines nanofluid synthesis methods. Stability assessment techniques, encompassing sedimentation capturing, zeta potential analysis, and spectral analysis, are discussed alongside strategies for stability enhancement, including surfactant addition, surface modification, ultrasonic agitation, and pH control. Environ |
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ISSN: | 0167-7322 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.molliq.2024.124836 |