Novel electrochemical platforms for the detection of both clinical disorder biomarker and environmental pollutants using graphitic carbon nitride-conducting oligomer composites

Exfoliated graphitic carbon nitride (E-GCN) was synthesized using a water-assisted sonication method. Thenthe prepared E-GCN was composited with oligo 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-totriazole (AMTa) on the GC electrode in a single step using the potentiodynamic method. Further investigation was carried out on their shape, electrochemical impedance, and electrocatalytic performance of bio andenvironmental analytessuch asnitrobenzene and kynurenic acid. [Display omitted] •Potentiodynamic approach for one-step synthesis of E-GCN-oligo AMTa composite.•Capable of identifying both clinical biomarkers and environmental pollutants by using GC/E-GCN-oligo AMTa electrode.•Enhanced selectivity and sensitivity as a result of the sophisticated composite materials.•Determining kynurenic acid in a sample of human blood serum and nitrobenzene in samples of lake water. Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous tryptophan (Try) metabolite that has anticonvulsant and neuroprotective activities. Many diseases and disorders have been attributed to the kynurenine pathway, including Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, AIDS dementia complex, malaria, cancer, depression, and schizophrenia, where tryptophan and kynurenine imbalances have been found. In addition to that, screening of environmental pollutants, especially nitrobenzene (NB) from wastewater discharges, is an essential aspect of governmental and commercial company observation. NB is prolonged exposure causes major harm to human health and environmental disruption. As a result, the development of innovative sensors capable of detecting KYNA and NB traces in blood serum and water, respectively, is important. This work proposes an innovative electrochemical clinical and environmental based sensor for KYNA and NB detection and that is based on a graphitic carbon nitride (GCN)-conducting oligomer composite fabricated glassy carbon (GC) electrode. Melamine was directly pyrolyzed to yield the GCN used in this study. The prepared exfoliated GCN (E-GCN) has a sheet-like structure, demonstrated by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image and the Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) analysis confirmed the elemental composition. The potentiodynamic technique was used to create the E-GCN composite with oligo 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (AMTa). E-GCN-oligomer composites were successfully formed, as evidenced by additional analysis of the developed composites performed utilizing SEM, X-ray dif