Exploring the potential of plating solution on the fabrication of ex-situ Bi film plated glassy carbon electrode for detection of mitoxantrone drug residue

[Display omitted] •Impact of plating solution on the fabrication of Bi film plated GCE towards MIT detection.•Ex-situ Bi film plated GCE improved the electrical conductivity and specific active surface area.•Remarkable advantages of rapid response and easy removal of the Bi film.•The established probe has portability and fast detection capability. The cost of the sensing platform, sensitivity and linear dynamic range of analyte detection are the main challenges for selecting desirable electrochemical sensing probe. Thus, the current study reports the impact of the composition of the plating solution on fabrication of Bi film plated glassy carbon electrode (BFGE) and its synergistic effect on the redox impulse and the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) detection of mitoxantrone (MIT) drug. Insertion of Br- ions in the composition of the plating solution displayed distinct practical advantages of the electron flow, surface area and conductivity, long term film functional stability, attractive stripping analytical performance of the ex situ BFGE. FThe fabricated BFGE was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sensor showed a high probe sensitivity (S) of 5.43 μA μM−1 cm−2 to MIT, with a linear dynamic range (LDR) of 2.7 × 10-1 to 1.0 µM) (119.5 to 444.5 µg/L). The probe also offered worthy analytical performance for MITsensing in terms of low limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 8.1 × 10-2 (35.9), 2.7 × 10-1 µM (119.5 µg /L) under the optimal parameters, respectively. The probe exhibited rapid response, good anti-interference ability against multiple co-existing compounds, good accuracy (99.21 ± 5.02), reproducibility, and repeatability with relative standard deviation (RSD) of ± 3.0 % (n = 3) at 2.9 × 10-7 M of MTX drug. Intraday and interday precisions of the probe were 98.25 ± 4.05 and 99.21 ± 5.8 %, respectively confirming validation of the probe. The probe was fruitfully applied for MIT detection in drug formulations and drug residue in urine and water samples. Satisfactory recovery (96.11––97.01 %) with good precision (RSD