Two- and three-way chemometric analyses for investigation of interactions of acarbose with normal and glycated human serum albumin: Developing a novel biosensing system

•Interactions of ACB with HSA and GHSA were investigated by electrochemical and spectroscopic methods.•Conventional and multivariate analyses of the interactions were performed.•The Kb for ACB was increased by 1.6-fold in going from HSA to GHSA.•Binding of two ACBs was happened for both of HSA and GHSA.•Second-order advantage was exploited for determination of GHSA in the presence of HSA.•The method developed for determination of GHSA in the presence of HSA was comparable with reference method. In this project, our research group has performed an interesting work in which interactions of acarbose (ACB) with normal human serum albumin (HSA) and glycated HSA (GHSA) have been investigated by chemometrics assisted-electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. To have a deep insight to the interactions of ACB with HSA and GHSA, different electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques were used to monitor ACB-HSA and ACB-GHSA interactions and analyzed by multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS), MCR-BANNDS and EQUISPEC as efficient chemometric algorithms. Then, molecular docking techniques were used to extract more information which helped us to better justify binding of ACB with HSA and GHSA. After obtaining qualitative and quantitative information and justification of the ACB-HSA and ACB-GHSA interactions, a novel electrochemical technique was developed for exploiting second-order advantage from differential pulse voltammetric data for determination of GHSA as a potential biomarker in diabetes in the presence of HSA. Calibration and validation of the developed system showed us that our system was successful in determination of GHSA in synthetic and real samples.