Fabrication of a novel biochar decorated nano-flower-like MoS2 nanomaterial for the enhanced photodegradation activity of ciprofloxacin: Performance and mechanism

•Nano-flower-like MoS2 microspheres were successfully loaded on the surface of pomelo peel derived biochar.•The deposition of MoS2 particles on BC can effectively inhibited the electron-hole pairs recombination.•MoS2-BC3/35 exhibited outstanding photocatalytic degradation ability of ciprofloxacin.••O2− was the main active species in the photocatalytic reaction.•A possible photocatalytic degradation mechanism of CIP by MoS2-BC3/35 was proposed. The aggregation of MoS2 nanoparticles and inefficient electron-migration limit their application for antibiotic removal. In this study, pomelo peel biochar (BC) with smooth surface structure was used as the matrix for loading nano-flower-like MoS2 microspheres. The as-prepared nanocomposites were used to improve the removal efficiency of ciprofloxacin (CIP). A series of characterizations revealed that the optimal weight ratio of BC to MoS2 was 3:35 (MoS2-BC3/35). MoS2-BC3/35 with narrow-bandgap (1.60 eV) possessed efficient light-utilization ability and the photodegradation efficiency toward CIP was 92.01%, whereas the CIP removal efficiency by MoS2 was 44.50%. The improvement of this efficiency was attributed to the reduction of electron-hole pairs recombination. More attractively, superoxide radical (·O2−) played a major role during the photocatalytic reaction, because the conduction band potential of MoS2-BC3/35 (-0.81 eV) is lower than the potential of O2/·O2− (-0.33 eV). Overall, MoS2-BC3/35 is a promising photocatalyst owing to its eco-friendliness, high-efficiency and easy-preparation. [Display omitted]