Benthic sediment disturbances by episodic human-controlled discharge in an altered estuary

In the Geum River, a representative altered estuary, in-situ mooring and erosion experiments were conducted to reveal the effects of human-controlled discharge on benthic sediment disturbances. The strong discharge through the estuarine dam increased the current velocities within the benthic boundary layer (BBL) up to 79% and 153% during spring and neap tides, respectively. During the discharge period, the suspended sediment concentration in BBL was five times higher than that during the non-discharge period. During the flood phase, a critical shear stress for erosion (τce) was in the range of 0.1278 to 0.1391 Pa. Immediately after the ebb phase with strong discharge, τce increased to 0.1848 Pa, and the erosion rate (E) decreased from 33.73 to 14.81 mg m−2 s−1. The repetition of human-controlled discharge removed the erodible sediments within BBL, exposing the underlying consolidated sediment bed with low E and high τce. The results suggest that an altered estuary is vulnerable to benthic sediment erosion under combined natural and anthropogenic forcings. [Display omitted] •Human-controlled discharge disturbed benthic sediment transport and velocity structures.•Altered estuary is vulnerable to sediment erosion under anthropogenic forcings.•Discharge removed sediments, exposing consolidated sediment with low erodibility.•Erosion experiments present direct evidence on benthic sediment resuspension.