Enhancing the antimicrobial activity of eugenol, carvacrol and vanillin immobilised on silica supports against Escherichia coli or Zygosaccharomyces rouxii in fruit juices by their binary combinations

In this work, the antimicrobial activity and synergistic effect of eugenol, carvacrol and vanillin immobilised on MCM-41 microparticles against Escherichia coli and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, on culture media and fruit juices, were investigated. Immobilised bioactive compounds exhibited great in vitro antimicrobial activity against the target microorganisms. Moreover, immobilised eugenol inhibited E. coli growth after its incorporation into grape juice, regardless of the tested concentration and storage time. Conversely, immobilised carvacrol and eugenol exhibited the greatest effectiveness in reducing fungi development in fruit juices. The immobilised eugenol and vanillin combination exhibited a non-interactive effect (1