Comparative therapeutic efficacy of procaine penicillin, Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract and Cocos nucifera oil against subclinical mastitis

•Subclinical mastitis is one of the costliest managemental disease in lactating beetal goats.•Antibiotic therapy against subclinical mastitis has produced antibiotic resistance in animals and human beings, via milk consumption.•Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract and cocos nucifera oil can be used as substitutes to antibiotics to treat subclinical mastitis, and to produce antibiotic residue-free milk. This study aimed to compare therapeutic efficacy of procaine penicillin, Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract and Cocos nucifera oil against subclinical mastitis, and its effects on milk composition. A total of 30 lactating beetal goats were selected, and divided into three groups (GA, GB and GC), each having 10 goats. GA was treated with procaine penicillin and GB with Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract while, GC with Cocos nucifera oil for five consecutive days. The milk sampling was done at pre-treatment (zero day), and post-treatment trial (7th and 14th day) aseptically. The evaluation parameters were CMT and bacteriological infection-based cure rate, milk pH, specific gravity, titratable acidity, electrical conductivity, total SCC, ALP and AP enzymes, as well as total milk yield. The cure rate of sub-clinically mastitic teats, based on CMT results was highest in GA (60%, 70%), moderate in GC (50%, 70%) and lowest in GB (50%, 60%) at 7th and 14th day respectively, while bacteriological infection-based cure rate was highest in GA (50%, 60%), followed by GC (40%, 70%) and GB (40%, 50%) at 7th and 14th day respectively. Further, with the treatment of Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract and Cocos nucifera oil, pH, electrical conductivity, total SCC, titratable acidity, ALP and AP enzymes of milk decreases, while milk fat and protein, specific gravity as well as total milk yield increases with time from zero day to 14th day in all three groups (P < 0.05). So, it is concluded that Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract and Cocos nucifera oil are an inexpensive source used for treatment of subclinical mastitis, and also as substitutes to antibiotic therapy to produce antibiotic residue-free milk.