Efficient 2D transform hardware architecture for the versatile video coding standard

As the latest generation of video coding standards, versatile video coding (VVC) introduces several new coding tools in transform coding to concentrate the energy of residual blocks. In this work, we propose a regular multiplier (RM) based hardware architecture for 2D transform that can process different transform sizes and types using a unified architecture. This architecture consists of a 1D row transform, a transpose memory, and a 1D column transform, allowing for processing 16 coefficients per cycle. For the 1D row/column transform, the unified calculation structure consists of 512 regular multipliers supporting various transform sizes and types. For the transpose memory, we design an SRAM-based diagonal storage approach, along with a FIFO for storing the block information. Compared with the state-of-the-art MCM-based design, the proposed RM-based design shows a 30.9% reduction in area while can operate at a higher frequency.