Atypical holocene ctenomyid rodent burrows related to eolian dune deposits from central Argentina

This contribution aims to interpret the producers and the paleoenvironmental context of Holocene rodent burrows (and associated ichnofossils) from the Late Pleistocene-Holocene Meaucó Formation, central La Pampa Province, Argentina. Fieldwork included a detailed sedimentary logging, a ground penetrating radar survey and documentation of the fossil burrow systems. The Meaucó Formation rest on erosive unconformity over the Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene Cerro Azul Formation and display a vertical change from eolian dunes that become sparser up section (as imaged by ground penetrating radar) and were capped by a paleosol. The paleosol is covered by recent eolian dune and interdune deposits. The fossil rodent burrows occur up to 1.7 m below the paleosol and share several morphologic features with modern Ctenomyidae burrows, except the high slope of entrance and internal ramps, and the maximum depth of burrows. To explain these differences, it is proposed that the burrows were excavated by ctenomyids in ancient sloping surfaces of eolian dunes, which resulted in increased inclination and apparent maximum depth of the systems. This is an example of influence of environmental conditions on the architecture of rodent burrows, and can be of help when interpreting other similar fossil examples. The paleosol community associated with the fossil vertebrate burrows also included other organisms recorded by their trace fossils: horses (Hippipeda isp.), a scrubby vegetation (rhizoliths), coleoptera or spiders (Skolithos linearis), cicada nymphs (Feoichnus challa) and ants (Daimoniobarax isp.). •Extant Ctenomyidae burrow systems are subhorizontal.•Fossil Ctenomyidae burrows with high inclination related to eolian dunes.•Changes in burrow system architecture reflect environmental fluctuation.•Eolian dunes inferred from ground penetrating radar sections and grainsize analysis.•Diverse associated invertebrate and plant trace fossils.