Microstructural white matter alterations and personality traits: A diffusion MRI study

•Connectometry is a valuable diffusion MRI method for the study of microstructural correlates of personality.•WM local connectome in the corpus callosum and middle cerebellar peduncle is involved in personality traits.•WM local connectome was associated with lower extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness scores.•WM local connectome was associated with higher openness scores.•WM local connectome was associated with both higher and lower scores of neuroticism. Personality traits refer to a set of independent patterns of behaviour, cognition, and emotion. The Big-Five of Personality (NEO-FFI), is one of the most generally recognized taxonomies of personality. The current structural and functional correlates of personality are divergent and inconsistent in some cases, which necessitate further investigation of it. Herein, we aimed to investigate the white matter (WM) microstructural correlates of personality traits using diffusion MRI connectometry. Overall, the main findings of this study were located in different parts of the corpus callosum (CC) and middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP), highlighting the significant role of WM local connectome in the CC and MCP in the regulation of personality traits. Future studies need to validate our results.