Gas evolution analyses of Ni-rich Li-ion and Li-metal batteries at cylindrical jelly-roll configurations

Understanding gas evolution during battery operation is pivotal for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of battery behavior, a cornerstone for fostering innovation in energy storage technologies. Despite the wealth of quantitative analyses available, the realm of large-scale, practical, full-cell investigations remains relatively unexplored. This study bridges this gap by unveiling a novel, robust gas chromatography methodology designed to meticulously quantify gas generation within 18650 cylindrical cells Li-ion and anode-free Li-metal Ni-rich batteries across a spectrum of operational conditions. Our approach not only reaffirms the capability for precise, reliable quantitative measurements but also illuminates new findings on the dynamics of gas evolution. This includes the significant impact of temperature and cathode material composition on gas generation, alongside a pioneering exploration into the behavior of anode-free Li-metal batteries. These insights not only advance our understanding of battery performance and safety at a practical cell level but also pave the way for the development of more efficient, durable, and safer energy storage solutions. [Display omitted] •Developed precise gas chromatography for Li-ion and Li-metal batteries.•Higher temperatures, nickel content significantly boost gas production, degradation.•Revealed unique gas evolution in anode-free Li-metal batteries.•Identified key conditions influencing gas production, battery design optimization.•Data links gas evolution to battery degradation, boosts safety, efficiency.