Photo-anode surface modification using novel graphene oxide integrated with methylammonium lead iodide in organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells

The novel graphene oxide sheet-methylammonium lead iodide (GO-MAPbI3) was used as photoanode surface modification and is used as a photosensitizer for perovskite solar cells. The multi-crystalline presence of GO-MAPbI3-prepared photo-anode surface and surface morphologies were observed by high-resolution electron transmission microscopy and electron scanning microscopy. The selected electron diffraction pattern of GO-MAPbI3 has also been observed in a multi-crystalline nature. GO-MAPbI3 containing the elementary composition was determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. They consist of Pb 4f5/2 and Pb 4f7/2 and have an energy binding value of 143.9 (eV) and 138.9 (eV). GO-MAPbI3 was a crystalline cubic black color confirmed by an X-ray diffraction pattern. From the Fourier transform infrared spectra, graphene oxide functional groups, methylammonium lead iodide internal hydrogen bonding between the C–N group attached to the C–H group and its corresponding values. The photo-current density-voltage curves are regulated by GO-MAPbI3 coated on a photo-anode giving 8.39% of the power conversion efficiency. [Display omitted] •GO and GO-MAPbI3 sheets were produced using hummers and a two-step solution process.•HR-TEM and SEM images of GO and GO-modified MAPbI3 and their morphology support these findings.•The XPS analysis was used to classify the existing elementary composition of the GO updated MAPbI3 as prepared.•The efficiency of the GO unmodified MAPbI3 sensitizer is 6.87 (%) percent.•The perovskite solar cell's efficiency was 8.39 % due to GO-modified MAPbI3.