A novel experimental and density functional theory study on palladium and nitrogen doped few layer graphene surface towards glucose adsorption and electrooxidation

At present, few layer graphene (G) and nitrogen doped few layer graphene (N doped-G) are firstly coated on Cu foil via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and G and N doped-G coated Cu foil is transferred to the indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate surface to obtain electrodes. Pd metal is electrodeposited onto the N doped-G/ITO electrode (Pd-N doped-G/ITO). Pd-N doped-G/ITO electrode are characterized with advanced surface characterization methods such as Raman spectroscopy and SEM-EDX. Characterization results reveal that G and N structures are succesfully obtained and the presence of Pd on Pd-N doped-G/ITO is confirmed with SEM-EDX mapping. The cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are employed to examine glucose electrooxidation of G/ITO, N-doped G/ITO, and Pd-N-doped G/ITO electrodes. P–N-dopedG/ITO electrode exhibits the best glucose electrooxidation activity with 2 mA/cm2 specific activity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are also carried out to better understand the interaction of the molecules on Pd modified G (Pd-G) and Pd modified N-doped G (Pd-3NG) surfaces. •N doped graphene surfaces are succesfully prepared by chemical vapor deposition technique.•To construct electrode, ITO electrodes are modified via N doped graphene materials.•Pd is electrodeposited on N-doped G/ITO electrodes for glucose electrooxidation.•Pd-N doped G/ITO electrode has greatestelectrochemical activity and stability for glucose electrooxidation.•HOMO and LUMO energy gaps are calculated with density functional theory O.