Ion migration in in-situ leaching (ISL) of uranium: Field trial and reactive transport modelling

•The simulation provided a good reproduction of the dynamic evolution of fluid and the dynamic release of uranium.•The heterogeneous distribution of minerals led to differences in the uranium concentration.•The pollution plume and leaching area can be quantified by the model.•The volume fraction of uranium ore and reaction rate were the main factors affecting uranium leaching.•Fe2+ in the reinjection fluid had a significant negative effect on uranium leaching. Acid in-situ leaching (ISL) can be used as a mining technique for in situ uranium recover from underground. Acids and oxidants as lixiviants were continuously injected into a sandstone-type uranium deposit in Bayan-Uul (China). It was conducted to facilitate the dissolution of uranium minerals to generate uranyl ions, which could then be extracted for the recovery of uranium resources by the pumping cycle. A reactive transport model based on PHAST was developed to investigate the dynamic reactive migration process of uranium. The simulated results well reproduce the fluid dynamic evolution in the injecting and pumping units, as well as the dynamic release of uranium. The simulated leaching area indicates that the uranium ore leaching area was much larger than the acidification area. In addition, the pollution plume of uranium and acid water was larger than that of the leaching area, which can be used as a reference for uranium mining schemes. Furthermore, the parameter sensitivity analysis indicates the volume fraction of uranium ore and the reaction rate were the main factors affecting uranium leaching efficiency. Without considering the blockage of pores by precipitation, the Fe2+ in the reinjection fluid had a significant negative influence on uranium leaching.