Enhanced study of ozone advanced oxidation for P-nitrophenol degradation in a three-phase fluidized bed using an eulerian multiphase flow model

Ozone advanced oxidation represents a high effective technology for p-nitrophenol degradation, while the fluidized bed reactors, offer a number of advantages in terms of enhancing interphase mass transfer and reaction efficiency. This study shows an innovative integration of ozone-based advanced oxidation with a three-phase internal circulating fluidized bed reactor, incorporating p-nitrophenol as the liquid phase, ozone as the gas phase, and micron-sized titanium dioxide (TiO₂) as the solid phase. To study the reaction dynamics and fluid behavior in degradation process, a distinctive CFD-Euler multiphase flow model was utilized and a series of laboratory-scale experiments were conducted. The results confirmed the accuracy and reliability of the computational predictions, and identified the optimal operating parameters, including an initial gas velocity of 0.04 m/s, a pipe diameter ratio (Dr/D) of 0.7–0.8, and a height-to-diameter ratio (H/D) of 7.5–10, which collectively achieved the highest p-nitrophenol removal efficiency. The combined computational and experimental results establish a robust theoretical and practical framework for advancing fluidized bed reactor applications in wastewater treatment. This study provides engineering guidance for industrial-scale implementations and contributes to optimization of advanced oxidation processes in complex three-phase systems. •An efficient three-phase internal circulating fluidized bed was used in the process simulation of ozone advanced oxidation for the treatment of p-nitrophenol.•The Eulerian multiphase flow model was applied to predict the flow state of the three phases of ozone, p-nitrophenol, and the micron-sized catalyst TiO2 in a fluidized bed.•The chemical degradation reaction process was added to the three-phase flow simulation.•Various parameters such as gas volume fraction, liquid circulation rate, turbulent kinetic energy, pressure drop and degradation reaction rate were used to optimize the optimum structural parameters of the fluidized bed.•The experiment results matched the predictions.