Compliance with oral hygiene and dietary advice for the prevention of post-radiotherapy dental disease among head and neck cancer patients – a qualitative study

•This qualitative study explored issues around head and neck cancer patients’ compliance with oral hygiene and dietary advice.•Miscommunication, inadequate supplies of oral hygiene products, and treatment-related discomfort are the main reasons for non-compliance.•Oral health is essential for head and neck cancer patients’ overall physical and mental health recovery. To elicit head and neck cancer (HANC) patients’ views about their oral health and to identify potential issues regarding compliance with clinical oral hygiene and dietary advice for the prevention of post-radiotherapy dental disease. A purposive sample of twelve HANC patients between 6- and 12-months post-radiotherapy were recruited to undergo a semi-structured interview with a qualitative researcher. A pre-piloted topic guide was used to frame each interview. Qualitative data were analysed via thematic analysis. Data were categorised into four main themes – ‘How HANC patients perceive oral health’, ‘Cancer diagnosis and cancer care pathway’, ‘Impact of oncology treatment (radiotherapy, surgery, and chemotherapy)’, and ‘Post-oncology treatment recovery’, with 14 subthemes. Oral health was viewed as an important component of HANC patients’ overall physical and mental health post-treatment. Patients’ non-compliance with adequate oral hygiene practice was related to oral mucositis, a “burning” sensation associated with high fluoride toothpaste, forgotten or inconsistent clinical advice, and an inadequate supply of preventive oral hygiene products. The potentially highly cariogenic nature of prescribed nutritional supplements for patients at risk of malnutrition did not tend to be communicated to patients in advance of their prescription. Adequate oral health is essential for the overall physical and mental well-being of post-treatment HANC patients. Non-compliance with preventive clinical advice increases the risk of post-treatment oral health deterioration and was related to miscommunication, inadequate supplies of oral hygiene products, and treatment-related oral discomfort. Post-treatment HANC patients are at increased risk of dental disease. Educational and behavioural techniques should be employed to enhance patients’ compliance with clinical oral hygiene and dietary advice for the prevention of post-radiotherapy dental disease. Patients should be informed about the potentially highly cariogenic nature of nutritional supplements, and these patients should undergo frequent dental recall. Clin