Source, type, controlling, and utilization of by-and side-products arising from the production process of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS): A review

2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is an extremely active anionic monomer with chemical properties. Due to its molecular structure containing carbon-carbon double bond, sulfonic acid group, amide group and other active groups, it is often used in the molecular structure design of water-soluble polymers to enhance the functionality of the polymers. In recent years, it has been widely used in petroleum industry, water treatment industry, paper industry and coating industry. The tremendous usage brings a considerable amount of synthesis residue of AMPS (i.e. AMPSR) in the field of monomer preparation, however, there is no systematic summary of AMPSR treatment. In this review, the preparation of AMPS and the purification methods used in the industrial production are systematically summarized. Besides, composition and current utilization of AMPSR are descripted in detail. The reducing approaches for AMPSR, such as reaction temperature control, continuous production, washing and refining, the crystallisation process, refining of reaction raw materialsother, aspects of control, and so on. Additionally, a new prospect for the comprehensive utilization of AMPSR is in scale inhibitor, extraction of n-tert-butyl acrylamide (i.e. NtBA) from residue and other applications are presented. [Display omitted]