Carbon-embedded energy coordination strategy in park-level integrated energy system considering time-varying carbon emission measurement

Energy efficiency and carbon mitigation are important issues in modern energy systems research. Considering the couplings between energy and carbon, this paper investigates a carbon-embedded energy coordination problem in a park-level integrated energy system (PIES). Firstly, based on energy hub, a multilateral interactive transaction framework is introduced, consisting of energy hub operator (EHO), building users with photovoltaics, and an electric vehicle (EV) charging agent. Secondly, a time-varying carbon emission measurement model for the outsourced electricity is designed, taking into account the dynamic composition of the supply-side generators. Based on the time-varying carbon factor and virtual carbon emission flow, an energy-carbon pricing strategy is proposed to balance the carbon responsibility among different participants. Then, a multi-agent interactive trading model in the PIES is constructed, where the energy consumption plans of building users and EVs are guided by the dynamic energy-carbon integrated prices. Through the iterative interaction among different agents, the optimal trading results are finally obtained. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed energy-carbon integrated pricing method in reducing carbon emissions and promoting energy sharing. •A carbon-embedded multilateral energy interaction mechanism in a PIES is discussed.•A time-varying carbon emission measurement model is established.•An energy-carbon integrated pricing strategy based on the dynamic carbon factor and virtual carbon emission flow is designed.•The impacts of energy-carbon integrated pricing on the scheduling of the PIES and carbon emission are investigated.