Temporal heterogeneous effects of land-use on dockless bike-sharing usage under transit-oriented development context: The case of Beijing

The transit-oriented development (TOD) is an effective planning strategy for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in transportation by incentivizing active transport. As an active transport with high flexibility and affordability, the use of dockless bike-sharing (DBS) services was affected by many identified factors. However, few studies have examined this effect from a temporally heterogeneous perspective. Here, this study aims to test if there are heterogeneous effects of station-level land-use on the use of DBS across time and to explore how and to what extent station-level land-use affects the use of DBS dynamically. Taking Beijing as a case study, this study developed the Global Linear Regression models and the Time-Varying Coefficients panel data models to estimate the heterogeneity. The results prove the existence of heterogeneity on both working days and non-working days. The daily DBS trips were significantly correlated to the density, diversity, and most types of land-use; the effect of density maintained a high level and varies with hours, and the effect of diversity showed an insignificant effect on hourly DBS trips. Besides, public management and service facilities were critical in influencing DBS usage during the daily off-peak hours, while residences always significantly and positively correlated to the use of DBS before morning peak hours and after evening peak hours. Further, the study suggests an active transfer of DBS facilities in the businesses and commercial areas to surrounding areas during non-working days. The findings guide the improvement of the service efficiency of DBS systems, and integrate DBS management strategies into TOD practice toward SDGs. [Display omitted] •Time-varying coefficients panel data model was used to explore the heterogeneity.•Effects of land-use factors on the use of DBS are heterogenous over time.•Land-use factors have different effects on daily DBS trips and hourly DBS trips.•Density is the most critical factor with the high impacts throughout the day.