Challenges, advances and sustainabilities on the removal and recovery of manganese from wastewater: A review

Wastewater matrices rich in manganese triggers severe and disastrous ecological impairments to different spheres of the receiving environment. This is attributed to the degree, magnitude, and extent of its eco-toxicological impacts to living organisms on exposure. In this review, insights into the sources of manganese, relative eco-toxicological concerns, treatment options, and their significance in light of future perspectives and outlooks are meticulously discussed and elucidated. Potential avenues for manganese recovery from wastewater streams, their sustainabilities, and economic benefit are also unpacked. Furthermore, gross challenges of practicing circular economy in manganese recovery are also highlighted. This review explicitly demonstrated viable ways for prudent and pragmatic management of manganese in industrial effluents and further afield. Henceforth, ecological sustainabilities that comprise fierce environmental footprints of manganese could be curtailed, averted, and ameliorated through enacting and inspiring the well-known circular economy and waste beneficiation concepts. Finally, future perspectives, outlooks, and avenues for in-depth appraisal are duly underscored and distilled. [Display omitted] •This paper successfully reviewed potential avenues for manganese valorisation.•Gaps in knowledge and challenges related to manganese treatment were highlighted.•Challenges related to minerals recovery, reclamation and valorisation were explained.•Future research outlooks and needs were also emphasized in this paper.•Feasibilities of practicing circular economy in manganese treatment were identified.