Synthesis and scalability of graphene and its derivatives: A journey towards sustainable and commercial material

The interest of researchers towards graphene, is now becoming very significant and promising. Although graphene possesses brilliant mechanical and physical properties, the commercialization path of graphene remains a challenge for researchers. Graphene production has been immensely studied since its first discovery by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov in 2010. Until now, there is a minimal indication for graphene to take over the nanomaterial market. Limited scale-up in producing a mass volume of high-quality pristine graphene or any graphene derivatives is a huge concern. The path of transforming graphene from laboratory scale to consumer-used products requires large-scale graphene production that is practical and competitive. This review aims to better understand graphene and its derivatives as a step to introduce this material into industrial-scale production. Various synthesis processes to fulfill the need of the market for graphene are reviewed. A detailed discussion of the sustainability of graphene and its derivatives using biomass is also mentioned. [Display omitted] •Synthesized graphene and its derivative with the perspective of scalability.•The scale-up potential of graphene is discussed.•An alternative sources for graphene production other than graphite is presented.