How do GHRM practices influence firms’ economic performance? A meta-analytic investigation of the role of GSCM and environmental performance

•The first meta-analysis focused on understanding the effects of GHRM.•GHRM is positively related to ECP both directly and indirectly through EP and GSCM.•Contextual and methodological factors moderate the relationships surrounding GHRM. This meta-analysis of 138 effect sizes from 75 studies examines the effect of green human resource management (GHRM) practices on organisations’ economic performance (ECP). The study also considers the mediating role of environmental performance (EP) and green supply chain management (GSCM) in the relationship between GHRM and ECP, including contextual and methodological moderators. The results demonstrate that GHRM is positively related to ECP both directly and indirectly through EP and GSCM. Some contextual (industry type, individualism, masculinity, and long-term orientation dimensions of national culture) and methodological factors (the number of GHRM dimensions) moderate the relationships surrounding GHRM. Our findings underline the relevance of the effective alignment between GHRM practices and the distinct role of different GHRM practices in promoting ECP. We also highlight that national culture issues could shape GHRM effectiveness and the importance of the effective implementation of GHRM practices for understanding the role of contextual and methodological moderators.