Interface engineering of NiCo LDH and 2D materials for advanced non-invasive glucose sensors

Glucose monitoring is essential for diabetes management and metabolic health. However, current invasive techniques have limitations such as low sensitivity and patient discomfort. This study introduces advanced non-enzymatic glucose sensors that combine NiCo layered double hydroxides with two-dimensional (2D) materials, MoS2 and MXene. The composite design expands the response range (0.001–6 mM), achieves ultra-low detection limit (1.32 μM), and offers superior sensitivity (1.55 mA mM−1 cm−2). The inclusion of 2D materials enhances electrical conductivity and surface area, reducing the activation energy needed for glucose oxidation. This unique structure not only enhances sensor performance but also provides a robust platform for non-invasive glucose monitoring. These sensors have significant potential for advancing glucose sensing technology, with broad implications for healthcare, diagnostics, and continuous glucose monitoring. [Display omitted] •Integrating NiCo LDH with 2D MoS2/MXene boosts glucose sensor performance.•Glucose sensors exhibit a broad linear range of 0.001-6 mM and low detection limit (1.32 μM).•High sensitivity of 1.55/1.42 mA mM-1 cm-2 from 2D-NiCo LDH synergies.•2D material integration enhances conductivity and surface area for efficient glucose oxidation.