Stacking BSRG-PLS: A physical and data-driven real-time stability safety analysis of arch dams during operation

Anti-sliding stability is the foundation for the normal operation of arch dams. In recent years, extreme weather has occurred frequently. It is important to grasp the anti-slide stability of arch dam (ASSAD) under complex load conditions in time. Currently, the ASSAD safety factor is primarily analyzed through the finite element method (FEM), which are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and lack timeliness. To address this, this paper proposes a real-time ASSAD analysis method during operation based on the Stacking BSRG-PLS model, which integrates a Bidirectional long short-term memory network, Residual neural network, Support vector machine, Gaussian process regression model and Partial Least Squares regression method. Firstly, based on the Stacking BSRG-PLS model and measured temperature combing with FEM, the transient temperature field of arch dam is established. Subsequently, a sample dataset containing the load data and the corresponding ASSAD safety factors calculated by FEM is constructed. Whereafter, using the Stacking BSRG-PLS model again, the real-time ASSAD safety factor is obtained based on the sample dataset. Case studies indicate that this method is effective and feasible, and has high analysis precision. It provides an effective way to quickly evaluate the ASSAD safety based on the measured data.