A systematic review of technologies and solutions to improve security and privacy protection of citizens in the smart city

The development of smart cities through digital communications has improved citizens' quality of life and well-being. In these cities, IoT technology generates vast amounts of data at any given time, which is analyzed to provide services to citizens. In the proper implementation of these cities, a critical challenge is the violation of citizens' privacy and security, which leads to a lack of trust and pessimism toward the services of the smart city. To ensure citizens' participation, smart city developers should adequately protect their security and privacy from gaining their trust. If citizens don't want to participate, the main benefits of a smart city will be lost. This article presents a comprehensive review of smart city security issues and privacy. It provides a basis for categorizing current and future developments in this area and developing a thematic classification to highlight the requirements and security strategies for designing a smart and safe city. The paper identifies current security and privacy solutions and describes open research challenges and issues. An output of this study is a systematic map of literature on the subject that identifies critical concepts, evidence, challenges, solutions, and gaps. It summarizes the findings into a body of evidence that has previously been heterogeneous and complex.