Fabrication and characterization of an innovative g-C3N4/calcium/aloe vera enriched PVA-bacterial cellulose wound dressing: A novel approach to diabetic wound management

[Display omitted] •Novel nanocomposite based on g-C3N4, calcium, and aloe vera.•Using Aloe vera as an antibacterial agent in wound dressing.•First wound dressing fabricated of BC/PVA/g-C3N4/Calcium/Aloe vera nanofibers.•Increased mechanical qualities using BC to PVA nanofibers. Nanofiber scaffolds are of particular interest due to the conducive conditions they offer for wound healing. The objective and novelty of this study was to fabricate graphitic carbon nitride/calcium/aloe vera nanocomposites and PVA/bacterial cellulose/calcium/aloe vera nanofibers via electrospinning in preparation for their application as wound dressings. Initial evaluations and production of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), g-C3N4/calcium solution, and g-C3N4/calcium/Aloe Vera solution were conducted using XRD and FTIR, which accordingly, the results confirmed the successful integration of every component within the nanocomposite structure. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the developed materials was assessed using the bacterial growth inhibitor (MIC). The results indicated that the materials possessed sufficient antibacterial activity against both gram-positive S. aureus and gram-negative E. coli bacteria with a dilution of 1/512. The nanofibers that were generated were subsequently examined using XRD and SEM techniques with a thickness of 250 nm. Also, the evaluation of the mechanical properties was performed by subjecting PVA/BC/g-C3N4/Ca/Aloe vera nanofibers to tensile strength testing and biodegradation, which these revealed 61.0 % of elongation, and 7 % of biodegradability in 96 h. The outcomes demonstrated that the nanocomposite possessed adequate extension capacity and robust strength. Utilizing an animal model, the developed nanofibers were utilized to examine the healing of diabetic lesions. The wound healing process was observed to be accelerated by these nanofibers after a 21-day period. The area of the lesion measured 0.9891 cm2.