Graphene oxide based Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanocomposites: A multifaceted approach to advanced energy storage and bio sensing applications

[Display omitted] •GO based Gd2O3:Eu3+ NC are synthesized via hydrothermal approach.•Structural, morphological, and electro chemical studies are performed using XRD, TEM, and CH instrument.•Impedance spectroscopy confirms low charge transfer resistance, contributing to enhanced electro chemical performance.•Gd2O3:Eu3+ NC can be utilized for future technologies, particularly in smart sensors, wearable, and integrated electronic devices. This investigation delves into the synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide (GO) based gadolinium oxide europium-doped nanocomposites (GO-Gd2O3:Eu3+ (1 mol %) NCs), emphasizing their utility in super capacitors and biosensors. Utilizing a hydrothermal process with graphene oxide, the study enhances Gd2O3 energy storage capabilities, complemented by europium’s luminescent features for real-time monitoring. Structural, morphological, and chemical analyses by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical (CH) Analyzer, reveal promising electrochemical performance, reaching specific capacitance values of 512.14 Fg−1 in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The electrodes exhibit commendable rate capability, cycling stability, and a Coulombic efficiency of 94.54 % after 5000 galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) cycles. Impedance spectroscopy confirms low charge transfer resistance, contributing to enhanced electrochemical performance. Moreover, the integration of europium imparts luminescent properties, positioning these super capacitors for integrated sensing applications. The luminescence allows real-time monitoring, showcasing the versatility of GO-Gd2O3:Eu3+ based NCs for future technologies, particularly in smart sensors, wearables, and integrated electronics.