Synergistic doping strategies boosting electrochemical performance: GO-Y2O3: Eu3+/ Li+ nanocomposites for supercapacitor and biosensor applications

[Display omitted] •Graphene Oxide based Y2O3:Eu3+/Li+ Nanocomposites are synthesized via hydrothermal approach.•Structural, morphological, and electro chemical studies are performed using XRD, TEM, and electro chemical analyzer.•Impedance spectroscopy confirms low charge transfer resistance, contributing to enhanced electro chemical performance.•Graphene oxide based Y2O3:Eu3+/Li+ based Nanocomposites can be utilized for future technologies, particularly in smart sensors, wearable, and integrated electronic devices. In the present study, the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) based Y2O3:Eu3+/Li+ nanocomposites (NCs) was successfully achieved through hydrothermal procedure, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and TEM analysis, verifying the formation of pure NCs. Analysis from cyclic voltammetry (CV) demonstrated that the GO-Y2O3:Eu3+/Li+ NCs exhibited a notably higher specific capacitance (Csp) of 506.396 Fg−1 at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1 compared to the 103.52 Fg−1 observed for pure GO-Y2O3. Galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) measurements further revealed specific capacitance values of 71.66F g−1 and 434.25F g−1 at a current density of 1 mA for pure GO-Y2O3 and GO-Y2O3:Eu3+/Li+, respectively. Impressively, the GO-Y2O3:Eu3+/Li+ NCs demonstrated a high energy density of 60.3125 Wh/kg, showcasing enhanced capacity retention and efficiency. The sensitivity of the developed NCs increased by 31 % compared to the pure sample. The synergistic effects of Eu3+ and Li+ doping strategies have led to the development of a more robust and durable supercapacitor and biosensor system.