Porphyrin-based nanoarchitectures in sensing: Characterization, and applications in detecting gases, biomolecules, and environmental contaminants

[Display omitted] •Porphyrin-based nanoarchitectures demonstrate significant advancements in sensing applications.•Integration of porphyrins into various nanostructures offers unique advantages for specific sensing scenarios.•Emphasis on synthesis, characterization, and applications in gas, biosensing, and environmental monitoring.•Review addresses challenges, future perspectives, and emerging trends in sensing technologies.•Synergy between porphyrin properties and nanotechnology shapes the future of advanced sensing technologies. Recent years have seen a significant advancement in the development of porphyrin-based nanoarchitectures for sensing applications. Porphyrins, known for their remarkable electronic, optical, and catalytic properties, have been ingeniously integrated into various nanoarchitectures such as nanoparticles, nanocomposites, nanotubes, nanosheets, and other nanostructures, each offering unique advantages for specific sensing scenarios. This review article synthesizes the progress in this field, examining the synergy between porphyrin properties and nanotechnology to address the increasing demands in environmental monitoring, healthcare diagnostics, and industrial applications. Emphasis is placed on synthesis and fabrication techniques, characterization methods, and the burgeoning variety of applications in gas, biosensing, and environmental sensing. Porphyrin-based nanoarchitectures demonstrate enhanced sensing capabilities in various fields due to their intrinsic properties and strategic design. Overcoming scalability, cost, and integration challenges while embracing innovation holds the key to further advancing their utility in sensing applications.