Nano palladium/palladium oxide formulation using Ricinus communis plant leaves for antioxidant and cytotoxic activities

[Display omitted] •Green synthesis using Ricinus communis leaves extract.•Synthesis of palladium mixed palladium oxide nanoparticles.•Antioxidant activity upto 77% using DPPH assay.•Cytotoxicity against lung cancer cells (A549 cell lines). For nanomaterials and nanodrugs formulation, there is a growing need to embrace herbal plants. The advancement of the green approach is achieving new places and importance due to an environmentally sustainable methodology of synthesis and other added advantages. This work emphasizes to use of Ricinus communis plant leaves (RLE) as it is a potential source of natural compounds to formulate nanodrug. Hence, a greener approach has been developed to fabricate palladium nanoparticles using aqueous Ricinus communis leaves extract (RLE@Pd/PdO NPs) at 80 ℃. Several analytical tools such as UV–visible (UV–vis), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) have been used to confirm the fabrication of RLE@Pd/PdO NPs. The as-prepared RLE@Pd/PdO NPs are subjected to test their antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic activity. The components of RLE behave as a supporting material to prevent agglomeration of RLE@Pd/PdO NPs and enhances the surface area of RLE@Pd/PdO NPs (TEM & PCS). Consequently, ∼76 % radical scavenging activity (RSA) of RLE@Pd/PdO NPs had been observed. Irregular, necrotic, shrunken, and detached morphology from the well surface had been observed using phase-contrast microscopy. An excellent anti-carcinogenic activity against the lung cancer cells (A549 cell lines) had been evaluated with the minimum inhibition concentration (IC-50) of 16.32 μg/ml. Hence, this study will be a potential contribution for attracting interest in RLE plants for future nanomaterials and nanodrugs formulation.