FTIR, RAMAN and biochemical tools to detect reveal of oxidative Stress-Related lipid and protein changes in fibromyalgia

•Higher level of Oxidative stress index (OSI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were observed in Fibromyalgia patients.•A lower level of Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and Total Oxidant Status (TOS) levels were observed in Fibromyalgia patients.•Higher absorbance of polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids peaks in the FTIR spectrum of serum obtained from Fibromyalgia patients.•PLS analysis showed that significant differentiation was at lipid vibrations among groups.•The accuracy of differentiation between healthy and FM persons using FTIR was around 100% In this study, our aim was to investigate the pathogenesis and diagnosis of fibromyalgia (FM), a complex disorder with poorly understood causes. We focused on examining the role of oxidative stress and associated lipid and protein alterations in FM patients. To achieve this, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of serum samples obtained from 60 FM patients and 40 healthy individuals. In our analysis, we employed various biochemical assays and spectroscopic techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, we applied advanced statistical methods such as chemometrics and machine learning algorithms to analyze the collected data. The obtained results showed higher levels of oxidative stress, around 113% on the visual analogue scale score and around 5800% higher when C = O vibrations from lipids visible in FTIR spectra were analyzed. Also, lower levels of total antioxidants and oxidants in FM patients were observed compared with the healthy group. Moreover, FTIR spectra of serum collected from FM patients showed significantly higher absorbance of bands corresponding to polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, while differences were not found in the Raman spectra. The principal component analysis (PCA) of the obtained spectroscopic data showed that it is possible to distinguish patients suffering from FM and healthy control groups with 100% accuracy using FTIR spectroscopy. PLS analysis showed significance in the differentiation of lipid vibrations among groups. In summary, FTIR coupled with chemometrics has the potential for fibromyalgia diagnosis.