Mass spectrometry analysis of auxiliary energy-induced terpenes extraction from Andrographis Paniculata

[Display omitted] •Analysis of terpenes from A. paniculata by mass spectrometry was developed.•Auxiliary energy level significantly affects terpene extraction yield.•Ultrasonic is the best extraction method for major compounds of A. paniculata.•Extracts obtained using a different auxiliary energy has a distinct distribution.•Microwave assisted extraction induces an extraction-synthesis terpene. The auxiliary energy level affects the yield of terpene extraction from Andrographis paniculata. This paper presents the effect of auxiliary energy (0.22–50 W/mL) to the extraction yield of terpenes from Andrographis paniculata for the first time. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method was developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of terpene. It was found that, the highest yield of andrographolide (20.10 mg g/DW) and neoandrographolide (9.54 mg g/DW) was produced at a relatively lower level of auxiliary energy (1.34 W/mL). Meanwhile the highest yield of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (6.47 mg g/DW) was obtained at a higher level of auxiliary energy (25 W/mL), which indicates the existence of a thermally-induced extractive-synthesis mechanism. Principal component analyses on the mass spectra confirmed maceration, ultrasonic, and microwave assisted extraction differ appreciably and eight compounds contributing to the differences were successfully elucidated.